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Information about LPG

LPG is an "old" fuel that revived during the crisis.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a general term referring to liquefied gaseous fuels consisting mainly of saturated hydrocarbons (CnH2n+2) with three or four carbon atoms (v=3 and v=4). These hydrocarbons exist in a gaseous phase at normal ambient temperatures and pressures. However, with a slight increase in pressure or mild cooling, they liquefy and occupy a much smaller volume (only 1/250th of the volume of the gaseous phase). For this reason, LPG, in its various forms, is primarily stored and transported in a liquid rather than a gaseous phase. LPG is stored in suitable containers (tanks, cylinders) either under medium pressure at ambient temperature or under lower pressure at a lower temperature. It is also possible to liquefy and store LPG under atmospheric pressure, but at a sufficiently low temperature.

The specific gravity of liquid LPG is approximately half that of water, while LPG vapors (gaseous phase) are heavier than air and therefore, when released, they "cling" to the ground and drains, accumulating in lower areas. The most common types of LPG on the market are: Butane (C4H10), characterized by lower operating pressure, and propane (C3H8), which is more widely used in installations with small tanks.

Propane and butane have similar properties, but differ significantly in their storage conditions. Propane has a lower boiling point than butane, and its conversion from liquid to gas continues even at very low temperatures. This property makes it suitable for use in the domestic and tourism sectors, in heating systems, for hot water supply and cooking, as well as for a large number of uses in the agricultural sector and industry. Consequently, propane is the best type of LPG for use as a fuel.

In the Greek market, the types of LPG available are the following:

  • Commercial Propane
  • Commercial Butane
  • Mixture (Indicative Ratio ~ 20% Propane - 80% Butane)

Depending on its intended use, the mixture is separated into heating and automotive grades, which are subject to different taxation. Additionally, it should be noted that in its original form, LPG is colorless and odorless, but for safety reasons, substances (sulfur compounds) with a strong odor are added to LPG to make it easily detectable in case of a leak.

LPG has two production methods. Specifically, it is extracted / produced:

  • During the extraction of natural gas, as well as oil.
  • From the refining of crude oil.

In conclusion, LPG is either extracted directly from crude oil and natural gas deposits, or produced in refineries through chemical processes such as catalytic cracking and reforming. Globally, 60% of LPG production comes directly from oil or natural gas extraction, and 40% from crude oil refining. It is therefore evident that LPG is produced as a byproduct of petroleum anyway, and thus there is a need for it to be absorbed by the market.

Over the years, LPG has covered almost all sectors where energy is used. This particular fuel is:

Safe

Given the widespread application of LPG in multiple uses worldwide, very few accidents have occurred over the years. The vast majority of LPG accidents are due to human error, making the fuel one of the safest.

Economical

It is proven to be a more economical fuel compared to competing fuels, which, due to its high energy and thermal efficiency as well as clean combustion, ensures significant savings for its users.

Environmentally Friendly

Carbon dioxide emission levels are much lower compared to conventional fuels, while nitrogen oxides are almost 30 times lower compared to conventional fuels.

LPG Uses

LPG covers almost all sectors where energy is used

  • In the industrial sector, for warehouse heating, the operation of mechanical equipment, food production, steam generation, drying printing inks, in heating furnaces, and as fuel in forklift trucks.
  • In the construction sector, it is used for asphalt heating during road repair and construction, the illumination of road signs, and floodlighting.
  • In the commercial / craft sector, for space heating, domestic hot water production, cooking, and other specialized uses.
  • In the domestic sector, for heating, hot water production, cooking, coffee making, and space heating.
  • In the tourism sector, in hotels and restaurants for the operation of various appliances, such as boilers, ovens, water heaters, and refrigerators. Even for heating swimming pool water in a hotel.
  • In the agricultural sector, for example, fast-response LPG heating devices are used in poultry farming, providing the appropriate temperature for the successful hatching and development of chicks. Grain production can also be significantly improved. Corn drying is done more safely and efficiently, with less equipment wear and lower maintenance costs.
  • LPG can be used as fuel for any type of vehicle. It is emphasized that LPG vehicle conversion has seen significant growth in the domestic market in recent years, mainly due to the substantial increase in petrol prices.
LPG Advantages

Safe - Economical - Environmentally Friendly

LPG is demonstrably a high-standard fuel, characterized as safe, environmentally friendly, and more economical compared to petrol and diesel.

Specifically, some advantages of LPG are the following:

  • Higher energy efficiency (Clean combustion)
  • Environmentally friendly. During combustion, LPG emits only Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), and H2O (water vapor). Carbon dioxide emission levels are much lower compared to conventional fuels, while nitrogen oxides are almost 30 times lower compared to conventional fuels. Exhaust gases emitted from the combustion of oil and fuel oil also contain Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), and soot (suspended particulate matter).
  • High thermal efficiency
  • Wide range of applications (domestic uses, commercial/industrial applications, vehicle propulsion)
  • Low fuel operating cost
  • Low equipment maintenance cost